Close to 460,000 people — 10% of Central African Republic’s (CAR) population —
have fled their homes as fighting intensifies in the country one year after the
Seleka Coalition launched an offensive that toppled the former President
Francois Bozize. An unknown number of civilians have been killed sparking
concerns by the international community of a potential genocide in the country.
The CAR civil conflict began on
10 December 2012 when the coalition, consisting of several rebel groups,
accused Bozize of defaulting on the peace agreements they had signed
with the government in 2007 and 2011. The war pitted government armed forces, also
known as Central African Armed Forces (FACA), and Seleka, which comprised two
rebel groups — Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) and Convention of
Patriots for Peace and Justice (CPJP).
Deserted homes: Villagers have fled their homes for fear of attacks by Seleka bandits (Photo Credit: www.guardianlv.com) |
However, the conflict has taken
a new dimension with the disbanding of Seleka in September 2013 by the current
president, Michael Djotodia, who is a former member of the group. Andrew Harding, a BBC’s African correspondent, outlines details in
his article of banditry, brutality and score-settling that has become the norm
of the now-disintegrated Seleka group.
The conflict has also assumed a religious
dimension where Christian vigilante groups — also known as ‘anti-balaka’ — are
fighting Muslims who they perceive to have the support of Seleka. Anti-balaka
is a Mandja or Sango word that refers to self-defence
groups formed by
communities to defend themselves from poachers, bandits, cattle rustlers and
rebels. Father Dieudonne, a priest in the town of Bossangoa, explains that “the
relationship between Muslims and Christians may have been destroyed forever”.
The EU Humanitarian Head
Kristalina Georgieva had warned that CAR could slump into a state of collapse
as well as genocide as fighting intensified between the Seleka-backed Muslims
and the majority Christians. President Djotodia was quick to dispel such speculations stating that it was a fabrication of the
international community. He explained that, “there is no inter-religious war.
This is attributed to some Seleka elements and loyalists of the former
government settling scores with each other”.
The World Food Programme (WFP) recent report in November 2013 paints a grim picture
of the humanitarian situation in the country. Close to 1.1 million people — representing
30 per cent of the country’s population — cannot meet their daily food needs
including access to nutritious food. The conflict forced many families to flee
their homes leaving their crops and livestock unattended. The WFP warns that
the situation could worsen as long as the conflict persists. According to
Harding’s article, villagers have fled to the bushes for fear of repeat attacks
whereas others have sought refuge in churches and mosques.
The International Red Cross Society has been involved in humanitarian activities in CAR (Photo Credit: www.ifrc.org) |
The Central African Republic has
been mired in civil conflicts since its independence in 1960 from France. Its
human rights record is wanting with the Human Rights Watch (HRW) accusing
Seleka of killing unarmed civilians and engaging in wanton destruction of
property. The HRW released its report in September 2013 titled, ‘I Can Still
Smell the Dead: The Forgotten Human Rights Crisis in the Central African
Republic’, urging the
international community to impose sanctions on those responsible for the human
rights abuses.
What is the solution to the persistent conflict in
CAR?
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